Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), is primarily prescribed for type 2 diabetes and obesity management. Emerging research indicates that semaglutide also possesses anti-inflammatory properties, which may contribute to its cardiovascular benefits and potential applications in other inflammatory conditions.
Mechanisms Underlying Semaglutide’s Anti-Inflammatory Effects:
- Reduction of Inflammatory Markers: Clinical studies have demonstrated that semaglutide therapy leads to significant reductions in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, a key marker of systemic inflammation. A meta-analysis encompassing 13 randomized clinical trials with over 26,000 participants found that semaglutide was associated with lower CRP indices compared to placebo or other glucose-lowering drugs. Frontiers
- Modulation of Immune Cell Activity: Semaglutide influences the activity of immune cells, such as neutrophils and monocytes, which play pivotal roles in inflammatory responses. Research indicates that semaglutide modulates the pro-inflammatory and atherogenic profile induced by adiposity markers, thereby reducing inflammation. Cardiab
- Impact on Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Excess adipose tissue, particularly epicardial fat, is a source of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Semaglutide has been shown to reduce the secretion of pro-inflammatory proteins from epicardial adipose tissue, contributing to its anti-inflammatory effects. Cardiab
- Central Nervous System Effects: Animal studies suggest that semaglutide may reduce systemic inflammation by acting on the brain. In mice, semaglutide reduced inflammatory responses by targeting brain cells, indicating a central mechanism in its anti-inflammatory action. New Scientist
Clinical Implications:
The anti-inflammatory properties of semaglutide may explain its cardiovascular benefits observed in clinical trials. For instance, the SELECT trial demonstrated that semaglutide significantly reduced major adverse cardiovascular events in individuals with obesity and cardiovascular disease.
Nature Additionally, semaglutide’s potential to modulate inflammation is being explored in other conditions, such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and neurodegenerative diseases.